He was born on 6 January 1499 or
1500 in Almodóvar del Campo (Ciudad Real, in the Archdiocese of Toledo). He
was the only son of devout Christian parents, Alonso Ávila and Catalina
Gijón, who were wealthy and of high social standing.
When John was fourteen years old, he
was sent to study law at the prestigious University of Salamanca. He left his
studies at the end of the fourth term, after a profound experience of
conversion. This prompted him to return home to devote himself to meditation
and prayer.
Following the death of his parents,
he liquidated most of his large fortune, and gave it to the poor. Ordained in
1525. He wanted to be a missionary in the West Indies and Mexico, but became
a travelling preacher in Andalusia for 40 years, re-evangelizing a region
previously ruled by the Moors.
He spoke boldly against the sins of
the ruling classes, made powerful enemies, and at one point was imprisoned in
Seville, Spain by the Inquisition, accused of false teachings; the charges
were dismissed, John was released, and his preaching became more popular than
ever.
Spiritual director of Saint Teresa
of Avila, Saint Francis Borgia, Saint John of God, Saint John of the Cross,
Saint Peter of Alcántara, and Saint Louis of Granada.
From early 1551 John was the victim
of constant ill-health. He spent the last years of his life in
semi-retirement in the town of Montilla in the Province of Córdoba. He died
there on 10 May 1569, and in accordance with his wishes was buried in that
city, in the Jesuit Church of the Incarnation, which now serves as the
sanctuary to his memory.
Blessed John of Avila's works were
collected at Madrid in 1618, 1757, 1792, 1805; a French translation by
d'Andilly was published at Paris in 1673; and a German translation by
Schermer in six volumes was issued at Ratisbon between 1856 and 1881. His
best known works are the "Audi Fili" (English translation, 1620),
one of the best tracts on Christian perfection, and his "Spiritual
Letters" (English translation, 1631, London, 1904) to his disciples.
Declared a Doctor of the Church by
Pope Benedict XVI on 7 October 2012.
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